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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Uncertainty in Measurement: Accuracy and Precision03:37

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Scientists typically make repeated measurements of a quantity to ensure the quality of their findings and to evaluate both the precision and the accuracy of their results. Measurements are said to be precise if they yield very similar results when repeated in the same manner. A measurement is considered accurate if it yields a result that is very close to the true or the accepted value. Precise values agree with each other; accurate values agree with a true value. 
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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Accuracy and Precision01:52

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Scientists typically make repeated measurements of a quantity to ensure the quality of their findings and to evaluate both the precision and the accuracy of their results. Measurements are said to be precise if they yield very similar results when repeated in the same manner. A measurement is considered accurate if it yields a result that is very close to the true or the accepted value. Precise values agree with each other; accurate values agree with a true value.  Highly accurate...
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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Genomics-Enabled Precision Medicine for Cancer.

Alison Roos1, Sara A Byron2

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Cancer Treatment and Research
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PubMed
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Genomic profiling is revolutionizing cancer care by identifying specific alterations for diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted treatments. Advances in clinical genomics are expanding personalized medicine for more cancer patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genomics
  • Translational Medicine

Background:

  • Genomic information is increasingly vital in clinical cancer care.
  • Large-scale sequencing has enhanced understanding of cancer's genomic landscape.
  • A growing number of genomic alterations are used for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the role of genomic profiling in modern oncology.
  • To discuss the clinical utility of various genomic alterations and features.
  • To emphasize the expanding applications of clinical genomics in cancer medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Genomic profiling to identify somatic point mutations, copy number alterations, translocations, and gene fusions.
  • Comprehensive sequencing strategies to measure genomic features like mutational burden.
  • Evaluation of molecularly targeted agents in genomically defined cancer subsets through clinical trials.

Main Results:

  • Genomic profiling provides clinically actionable information for cancer management.
  • Genomic features such as mutational burden can inform treatment selection.
  • Clinical trials are actively investigating targeted therapies for specific cancer genotypes.

Conclusions:

  • Clinical genomics is a rapidly advancing field with significant promise.
  • Genomics-enabled medicine is expanding to benefit a wider range of cancer patients.
  • The integration of genomic data is crucial for personalized cancer care.