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Pat1 RNA-binding proteins: Multitasking shuttling proteins.

Caroline Vindry1, Dominique Weil2, Nancy Standart3

  • 1Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, CIRI, Lyon, France.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. RNA
|June 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Pat1 protein family regulates gene expression by controlling mRNA decay and translation. Pat1 proteins associate with Lsm complexes to mediate mRNA decay and alternative splicing, with human Pat1b specifically degrading AU-rich mRNAs.

Keywords:
3′-5′ decay5′-3′ decayRNA processingalternative splicingdeadenylation

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Expression Regulation
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • Post-transcriptional gene regulation occurs via splicing, translation, and mRNA decay.
  • RNA-binding factors regulate specific transcripts by influencing these processes.
  • The Pat1 family of RNA-binding proteins is conserved across species and plays roles in mRNA decay and translation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the functions of the Pat1 family of RNA-binding proteins.
  • To highlight the association of Pat1 with Lsm complexes in distinct cellular compartments.
  • To discuss the role of Pat1b in the decay of AU-rich mRNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on Pat1 protein functions.
  • Analysis of Pat1 protein interactions with Lsm complexes (Lsm1-7 and Lsm2-8).
  • Examination of Pat1b's role in mRNA decay, particularly AU-rich elements.

Main Results:

  • Pat1 proteins enhance mRNA decapping by Dcp1/2, promoting mRNA decay and translational repression.
  • Pat1 proteins localize to cytoplasmic P-bodies and nuclear Cajal bodies/splicing speckles.
  • The cytosolic Pat1/Lsm1-7 complex mediates mRNA decay, while the nuclear Pat1/Lsm2-8 complex influences alternative splicing.
  • Human Pat1b specifically targets AU-rich mRNAs for decay, contrasting with DDX6's action on GC-rich mRNAs.

Conclusions:

  • Pat1 proteins are crucial regulators of mRNA turnover and splicing through distinct Lsm complexes.
  • The paralogous nature of complexes allows Pat1 to impact diverse cellular processes.
  • Pat1b's specificity for AU-rich mRNAs has implications for understanding mRNA decay pathways and P-body function.