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Related Concept Videos

Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

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Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
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The Electromagnetic Spectrum02:37

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The electromagnetic spectrum consists of all the types of electromagnetic radiation arranged according to their frequency and wavelength. Each of the various colors of visible light has specific frequencies and wavelengths associated with them, and you can see that visible light makes up only a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Because the technologies developed to work in various parts of the electromagnetic spectrum are different, for reasons of convenience and historical...
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The Electromagnetic Spectrum01:24

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Electromagnetic waves are categorized according to their wavelengths and frequencies, giving the electromagnetic spectrum. These waves are classified as radio, infrared, ultraviolet, etc. Radio waves refer to electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from millimeters to kilometers. Radio waves are commonly used for audio communications (i.e., radios) and typically result from an alternating current in the wires of a broadcast antenna. They cover a broad wavelength range and are used...
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Compacting Factor test

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The compacting factor test is a method used to assess the workability of concrete. It is  especially suitable for concrete mixes containing aggregates up to one and a half inches in size. This test involves specialized equipment consisting of two truncated cone-shaped hoppers and a cylinder, all with polished interior surfaces to minimize friction.
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IR Spectrum01:19

IR Spectrum

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When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
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Mass Spectrum01:23

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A mass spectrum is the graphical representation of the relative abundance of the charged fragments in an analyte plotted against their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The plot's x-axis represents the ratio of the mass of the charged fragment to the number of charges it carries. The y axis of the plot represents the relative abundance of each charged species. The relative abundance is calculated from the signal intensity of each charged species recorded at the detector. The most intense signal (the...
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Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Fabrication of High Contrast Gratings for the Spectrum Splitting Dispersive Element in a Concentrated Photovoltaic System
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Compact spectrum splitter for laterally arrayed multi-junction concentrator photovoltaic modules.

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    Researchers developed a micro-prism array spectrum splitter for multi-junction solar cells. This technology enables efficient light splitting, crucial for advancing concentrator photovoltaic modules and large-scale solar energy production.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Renewable Energy Technologies
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Multi-junction concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) modules require efficient spectrum splitting to optimize solar energy conversion.
    • Traditional spectrum splitting methods can be complex, costly, and introduce optical aberrations.
    • Lateral arraying of CPV modules presents unique design challenges for integrated optics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a novel spectrum splitter utilizing micro-prism arrays for laterally arrayed CPV modules.
    • To achieve high-transmission, efficient spectrum splitting with minimal optical aberrations.
    • To enable low-profile, low-cost fabrication for scalable CPV module production.

    Main Methods:

    • Design and fabrication of a spectrum splitter based on conjugate micro-optics and micro-prism arrays.
    • Integration of the micro-optic design for laterally arrayed multi-junction CPV modules.
    • Characterization of a four-prism dispersive optic prototype through outdoor measurements.

    Main Results:

    • The micro-prism array spectrum splitter achieves high-transmission and efficient spectrum splitting.
    • The design minimizes optical aberrations, resulting in a low-profile optic.
    • Fabrication is demonstrated to be low-cost, suitable for large-scale production.
    • Outdoor measurements of the prototype showed excellent agreement with the design model.

    Conclusions:

    • The demonstrated micro-prism array spectrum splitter is a viable solution for advanced CPV modules.
    • This technology facilitates the large-scale production of efficient and cost-effective micro-concentrator photovoltaic modules.
    • The conjugate micro-optics design offers significant advantages over existing spectrum splitting techniques for solar energy applications.