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Pertussis: Identification, Prevention and Control
1Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy. paola.stefanelli@iss.it.
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|July 20, 2019
Summary
Pertussis remains a re-emerging threat despite childhood vaccination. Improved diagnostics, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and recognizing adult transmission are key to controlling this vaccine-preventable disease.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Microbiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Pertussis (whooping cough) is a vaccine-preventable illness.
- Despite high childhood vaccination rates, pertussis is re-emerging, necessitating improved control strategies.
- Current prevention focuses on children, but adults may contribute to transmission.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the need for enhanced pertussis identification, prevention, and control.
- To emphasize maintaining high vaccination coverage in at-risk populations.
- To underscore the importance of advanced diagnostic and monitoring techniques.
Main Methods:
- Laboratory confirmation of Bordetella pertussis infection.
- Differential diagnostic testing for other Bordetellae species.
- Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing.
Main Results:
- Accurate and timely diagnosis requires specific laboratory confirmation and differentiation from other Bordetellae.
- Genomic surveillance can track antimicrobial resistance and vaccine-escape strains.
- Adults play a role in pertussis transmission, challenging the childhood-centric prevention model.
Conclusions:
- Enhanced diagnostic and surveillance methods are crucial for pertussis control.
- A comprehensive prevention strategy must include adults and address antimicrobial resistance.
- Maintaining high vaccination coverage remains paramount for protecting vulnerable populations.
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