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Related Concept Videos

Pulse01:16

Pulse

2.0K
When the heart pumps blood out, arterial elastic fibers play a crucial role in sustaining a high-pressure gradient. They expand to accommodate the received blood and then recoil - a process known as the pulse that can be either manually palpated or electronically quantified. Despite a reduction in its effect with increased distance from the heart, elements of the pulse's systolic and diastolic components persist, observable even at the arteriole level.
The pulse serves as a clinical...
2.0K
Pulse01:05

Pulse

3.5K
The pulse is one of the most fundamental physiological indicators of the body's cardiovascular health. It is the rhythmic expansion and contraction of the arterial walls in response to the pressure generated by the heart's pumping action.
Pulse Rate and its Significance
Pulse rate, often measured in beats per minute (bpm), reflects the heart rate (HR), which is influenced by numerous factors such as stress, physical activity, and hormonal changes. A normal resting adult pulse rate falls...
3.5K
NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

1.7K
A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
1.7K
Pulse Oximetry01:24

Pulse Oximetry

1.3K
Pulse oximetry, or SpO2, is a non-invasive method for continuously monitoring arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). This procedure involves attaching a probe or sensor to the patient's fingertip, forehead, earlobe, or nose bridge. The sensor works by detecting changes in oxygen saturation levels through light signals generated by the oximeter and reflected by the pulsing blood under the probe.
Purpose
Average SpO2 values are greater than 95%. If the readings fall below 90%, it indicates that...
1.3K
Regulation of Pulse01:20

Regulation of Pulse

2.2K
Pulse regulation involves physiological mechanisms that ensure adequate blood flow throughout the body. The heartbeat, regulated by the autonomic nervous system, is influenced by hormonal balance, physical activity, and emotional state.
2.2K
Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

1.3K
Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac...
1.3K

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Quantifying the Relative Thickness of Conductive Ferromagnetic Materials Using Detector Coil-Based Pulsed Eddy Current Sensors
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Quantifying the Relative Thickness of Conductive Ferromagnetic Materials Using Detector Coil-Based Pulsed Eddy Current Sensors

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Pulse pileup analysis for a double-sided silicon strip detector using variable pulse shapes.

Jinghui Wang1, Linchuan Chen2, Mats Persson3

  • 1J. Wang was with the Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. He is now with the Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.

IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
|July 23, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Photon counting detectors (PCDs) experience issues in high-flux environments. This study shows double-sided silicon-strip detectors (DSSSDs) can achieve over 90% pileup-free operation for digital mammography.

Keywords:
double-sided silicon strip detectorparalyzable detection modelphoton counting detectorpulse pileup

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Detector Physics
  • Semiconductor Devices

Background:

  • Photon counting detectors (PCDs) face count loss and energy distortion in high count rate settings due to pulse pileup.
  • Digital mammography requires detectors capable of high count rate operation with minimal artifacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the potential of double-sided silicon-strip detectors (DSSSDs) for digital mammography.
  • To analyze pulse pileup effects in DSSSDs under conditions relevant to mammography.

Main Methods:

  • Simulated transient currents of photon interactions at various locations within a DSSSD using TCAD software.
  • Shaped detector pulses using a CR-RC^2 circuit model in Simulink, considering variable pulse shapes based on interaction location.
  • Calculated pileup orders and energy spectra, incorporating photon interaction spatial distribution and time interval distributions.

Main Results:

  • A 300 μm thick DSSSD with 25 μm pitch and 1 cm strip length demonstrated potential for high count rate operation.
  • Under 50 V bias and 3.75 Mcps/mm^2 photon flux, the variable pulse shape model predicted >90% fraction free of pileup.
  • The study confirmed the significant impact of pulse shape variation on pileup analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Double-sided silicon-strip detectors are a promising technology for advanced digital mammography systems.
  • Accurate modeling of pulse pileup, including variable pulse shapes, is crucial for detector performance evaluation.
  • DSSSDs offer a viable solution to overcome limitations of current detectors in high flux mammography applications.