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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Digital PCR for Quantifying Circulating MicroRNAs in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiovascular Disease
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Circulating microRNA in cardiovascular disease.

En C Fung1, Asif N Butt2, Jarlath Eastwood3

  • 1Department of Laboratory Services, Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha (RIPAS) Hospital, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam.

Advances in Clinical Chemistry
|July 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs offer improved sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and heart failure (HF) compared to traditional biomarkers. This review assesses their clinical potential for early disease detection and improved patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Cardiovascular diseaseCirculating microRNAHeart failureMyocardial infarction

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and heart failure (HF) are leading causes of cardiovascular mortality.
  • Early diagnosis is crucial for timely intervention and better patient outcomes.
  • Current biomarkers like cardiac troponins have limitations in specificity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of microRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for AMI and HF.
  • To highlight the advantages of microRNAs over traditional cardiac biomarkers.
  • To critically assess the clinical implementation potential of microRNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating microRNAs in AMI and HF diagnosis.
  • Analysis of microRNA sensitivity and specificity compared to existing biomarkers.
  • Assessment of current research and future directions for clinical application.

Main Results:

  • MicroRNAs show promise as sensitive and specific biomarkers for AMI and HF.
  • Circulating microRNAs offer advantages over traditional protein-based biomarkers.
  • Further research is needed to validate microRNAs for widespread clinical use.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs represent a novel class of biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases.
  • Their enhanced diagnostic accuracy could revolutionize the management of AMI and HF.
  • Clinical translation requires standardization and validation in large-scale studies.