Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 21, 2026
08:11
Measuring Progressive Neurological Disability in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis
Published on: November 14, 2016
11.5K
Differential Diagnostics of Active Progressing Multiple Sclerosis Using a Fluorescent Biomarker with Resonance Energy
Ya A Lomakin1,2, A A Kudryaeva1, N N Kostin1
1M. M. Schemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine
|July 27, 2019
Summary
Researchers developed a new multiple sclerosis (MS) biomarker using a fluorescent protein substrate. This substrate is degraded by autoantibodies from MS patients, showing promise for MS diagnostics.
Area of Science:
- Neuroimmunology
- Biochemistry
- Biomarker Development
Background:
- Autoantibodies targeting myelin basic protein (MBP) are implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS).
- Previous biomarkers utilized antibody-mediated cleavage of MBP fragments, but a next-generation approach is needed.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop an advanced, antibody-dependent biomarker for multiple sclerosis (MS).
- To create a novel fluorescent substrate for detecting MS-specific autoantibody activity.
Main Methods:
- Chemically synthesized a fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET) substrate (Cy5-MBP81-99-QXL680).
- Incubated the substrate with purified antibodies and B cells from MS patients and healthy volunteers.
Main Results:
- The novel FRET substrate demonstrated degradation in the presence of antibodies and B cells from multiple sclerosis patients.
- No significant degradation was observed with samples from healthy volunteers, indicating specificity.
Conclusions:
- The developed FRET substrate serves as a sensitive and specific biomarker for multiple sclerosis.
- This next-generation biomarker shows potential for improved MS diagnostics and understanding of disease mechanisms.
Related Concept Videos
01:26Activation Energy
86.4K
Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy necessary for a chemical reaction to move forward. The higher the activation energy, the slower the rate of the reaction. However, adding heat to the reaction will increase the rate, since it causes molecules to move faster and increase the likelihood that molecules will collide. The collision and breaking of bonds represents the uphill phase of a reaction and generates the transition state. The transition state is an unstable high-energy state...
86.4K
02:52Resonance
64.7K
The Lewis structure of a nitrite anion (NO2−) may actually be drawn in two different ways, distinguished by the locations of the N-O and N=O bonds.
64.7K
01:16Energy Transfer in Chemical Reactions
10.7K
Chemical reactions require sufficient energy to cause the matter to collide with enough precision and force that old chemical bonds can be broken and new ones formed. In general, kinetic energy is the form of energy powering any type of matter in motion. Imagine a person building a brick wall. The energy it takes to lift and place one brick on top of another is the kinetic energy—the energy matter possesses because of its motion. Once the wall is in place, it stores potential energy.
10.7K
02:13Bond Dissociation Energy and Activation Energy
10.8K
Bond energy is the energy required to break a bond homolytically. These values are usually expressed in units of kcal/mol or kJ/mol and are referred to as bond dissociation energies when given for specific bonds or average bond energies when indicated for a given type of bond over many compounds. Firstly, the bond dissociation energy for a single bond is weaker than that of a double bond, which in turn is weaker than that of a triple bond. Secondly, hydrogen forms relatively strong bonds with...
10.8K
01:13Enzymes and Activation Energy
22.8K
The activation energy (or free energy of activation), abbreviated as Ea, is the small amount of energy input necessary for all chemical reactions to occur. During chemical reactions, certain chemical bonds break, and new ones form. For example, when a glucose molecule breaks down, bonds between the molecule's carbon atoms break. Since these are energy-storing bonds, they release energy when broken. However, the molecule must be somewhat contorted to get into a state that allows the bonds to...
22.8K
01:24B Cell Activation and Differentiation
16.1K
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
16.1K