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Related Concept Videos

Movement Joints in Buildings01:27

Movement Joints in Buildings

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Movement joints in buildings are essential design elements that accommodate inevitable motions caused by various factors such as temperature changes, moisture content variations, and structural deflections. These motions, if not considered in design and construction, can lead to unsightly or dangerous damage. Movement joints are incorporated in different forms to manage these stresses and allow materials to move without causing distress.
The simplest type of movement joints, working joints, are...
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Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

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Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
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Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints01:03

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Fibrous joints are a type of joint where the bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. These joints provide stability and minimal to no movement between the articulating bones. There are three types of fibrous joints.
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All the bones of the skull, except for the mandible, are joined to each other by a fibrous joint called a suture. The fibrous connective tissue found at a suture strongly unites the adjacent skull bones and thus helps to protect the brain and form the face. In...
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Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

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As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
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Joints01:26

Joints

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Joints, also called articulations or articular surfaces, are points at which ligaments or other tissues connect adjacent bones. Joints permit movement and stability, and can be classified based on their structure or function.
Structural joint classifications are based on the material that makes up the joint as well as whether or not the joint contains a space between the bones. Joints are structurally classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.
Fibrous Joints Are Immovable
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Introduction to Joints00:58

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The adult human body usually has 206 bones, and except for the hyoid bone in the neck, each bone is connected to at least one other bone. Joints are the location where bones come together. Many joints allow for movement between the bones. At these joints, the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones can move smoothly against each other. However, the bones of other joints may be joined by connective tissue or cartilage. These joints are designed for stability and provide little or no...
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Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity
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Saccadic eye movements do not trigger a joint Simon effect.

Roman Liepelt1,2, Emanuele Porcu3,4, Anna Stenzel5

  • 1Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, 50933, Cologne, Germany. r.liepelt@dshs-koeln.de.

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|July 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The joint Simon task (JST) shows eye movement compatibility effects are absent in joint settings, unlike manual responses. Action effects alone may not sufficiently modulate these effects for saccadic responses.

Keywords:
Action feedbackCompatibility effectEye movementsJoint action

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • The joint Simon task (JST) is used to study action control, with action effects often cited as an explanation.
  • Existing research often confounds action effects with the actions themselves.
  • Ideomotor theories propose action effects influence performance in tasks like the JST.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of action effects in the joint Simon task (JST) using saccadic eye movements.
  • To isolate action effects from actions by using visual feedback following specific saccades.
  • To determine if the joint Simon effect observed in manual responses is also present in saccadic responses.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a saccadic joint Simon task (JST) combined with eye tracking.
  • Participants performed saccades, followed by central or lateralized visual feedback (action effect).
  • Compared compatibility effects in individual and joint settings, controlling for action-effect confounding.

Main Results:

  • A significant compatibility effect was observed in the individual setting for saccadic responses.
  • The typical enhanced compatibility effect in the joint setting was absent, regardless of feedback type (central or lateralized).
  • No significant difference in compatibility effects between joint and individual settings was found for saccadic responses.

Conclusions:

  • Perception of action effects alone may not be sufficient to modulate compatibility effects in eye movements.
  • The joint Simon effect, commonly found with manual responses, is absent in saccadic responses.
  • Saccadic compatibility tasks have specific requirements, including prosaccades and antisaccades, which differ from manual JSTs.