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Related Concept Videos

Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
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Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique used to determine the molecular mass and molecular formula of a compound. The basic principle of mass spectrometry is to generate ions from the analyte molecule and measure these ion abundances against their molecular mass. One common type of ionization, known as electron ionization or EI, bombards the analyte molecules in the gas phase with high-energy electron beams. The electron beams displace an electron from the molecule and leave behind a...
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In mass spectroscopy, amines undergo fragmentation to give parent ions with odd molecule weights. This observed mass spectrum follows the nitrogen rule; a molecule with an odd number of nitrogen atoms produces a molecular ion with an odd molecular weight. Amines undergo fragmentation through α cleavage, producing nitrogen-containing cations—iminium ions—and alkyl radicals. Mass spectra of aromatic and cyclic aliphatic amines exhibit strong molecular ion peaks, but acyclic...
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Most elements exist in nature as a mixture of isotopes. The isotopes differ in weight due to their respective number of neutrons. The molecular weight of a molecule is different depending on the specific isotope of its elements involved. As a result, the mass spectrum of the molecule exhibits peaks from the same fragment at multiple positions. The positions of these mass signals depend on the mass differences between isotopes. Furthermore, the intensity of these signals is dependent on the...
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Mass spectrometry is a powerful characterization technique that can identify and separate a wide variety of compounds ranging from chemical to biological entities, based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The instruments that allow this detection, known as mass spectrometers, have three components: an ion source, a mass analyzer, and a detector. These spectrometers differ based on the nature of their ion source and analyzers.Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) is a commonly...
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The molecular ion peak of a molecule in the mass spectrum provides vital information for molecular identification. However, conventional electron impact ionization can lead to the rapid dissociation of some molecular ions before they reach the detector. A milder ionization method is required to increase the lifetime of such ionized analyte molecules. Chemical ionization (CI) is a gas-phase protonation reaction useful for mass-analyzing analyte molecules that are easily protonated to yield the...
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Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Capturing Small Molecule Communication Between Tissues and Cells Using Imaging Mass Spectrometry
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Mass Spectrometry-Based Tissue Imaging of Small Molecules.

Carly N Ferguson1, Joseph W M Fowler1, Jonathan F Waxer1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|July 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) offers rapid, accurate histological data for biomedical studies. This technique excels in analyzing small molecules like lipids, drugs, and metals in tissues.

Keywords:
Drug compoundsLipidsMass spectrometry tissue imagingNanoparticlesSmall molecules

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical science
  • Analytical chemistry
  • Pharmacokinetics

Background:

  • Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a powerful analytical tool for tissue samples.
  • It offers advantages over classical imaging techniques, providing rapid and accurate histological data.
  • MSI is applicable to a wide range of molecules, particularly biologically relevant ones.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the utility of MSI in the analysis of small molecules.
  • To explore the success and potential of MSI in studying lipids, medicinals, and metal-based compounds.
  • To showcase global research efforts in MSI for small molecule analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing mass spectrometry as the readout for molecular imaging.
  • Applying MSI to diverse tissue samples for molecular profiling.
  • Featuring representative studies from international MSI laboratories.

Main Results:

  • MSI provides accurate, histological data at a rapid pace.
  • The technique is effective for analyzing peptides, proteins, lipids, medicinals, and metal-based compounds.
  • Successful applications of MSI in various biomedical and pharmacokinetic studies have been reported.

Conclusions:

  • MSI is a valuable and versatile tool for small molecule analysis in biomedical research.
  • Its ability to analyze diverse molecules rapidly and accurately enhances pharmacokinetic and histological studies.
  • Continued global research is expanding the potential and applications of MSI.