Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 20, 2026
08:15
Humanized NOG Mice for Intravaginal HIV Exposure and Treatment of HIV Infection
Published on: January 31, 2020
9.1K
Kidney Disease in HIV Infection
Gaetano Alfano1,2, Gianni Cappelli3,4, Francesco Fontana4
1Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences, Section of Nephrology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy. gaetano.alfano@unimore.it.
Journal of Clinical Medicine
|August 22, 2019
Summary
People aging with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) face chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART). This review covers CKD mechanisms, risk factors, and management strategies in people living with HIV (PLWH).
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Infectious Diseases
- Geriatrics
Background:
- Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has increased life expectancy for people with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
- People living with HIV (PLWH) now experience age-related conditions and ART side effects.
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a frequent comorbidity in aging PLWH, potentially progressing to end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current understanding of kidney involvement in PLWH.
- To explore mechanisms and risk factors contributing to CKD in this population.
- To outline strategies for early detection and optimal management of renal dysfunction in PLWH.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on renal involvement in HIV.
- Analysis of mechanisms and risk factors for CKD in PLWH.
- Synthesis of current guidelines and evidence for CKD care in HIV.
Main Results:
- CKD is a significant concern for aging PLWH, influenced by ART exposure and aging.
- Understanding the specific mechanisms and risk factors is crucial for prevention.
- Early recognition and tailored management can mitigate CKD progression and impact.
Conclusions:
- Aging PLWH are at increased risk for CKD, necessitating focused nephrological care.
- Comprehensive strategies for early detection and management are vital for improving outcomes.
- Further research is needed to refine CKD prevention and treatment in the context of HIV.
Related Concept Videos
01:25Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction
590
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
590
01:24Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations
572
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
572
01:28Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care
356
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
356
01:18Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management
328
Nursing management is essential for preventing complications, maintaining stability, and improving patients' quality of life in chronic kidney disease (CKD). By using a structured approach, nurses help slow CKD progression and support effective patient care.1. Comprehensive patient assessmentEffective management begins with nurses reviewing the patient’s medical history, and identifying key risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, and nephrotoxic drug use. Nurses assess signs of...
328
01:45Kidney Structure
75.0K
The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.
75.0K
01:21External Anatomy of the Kidney
3.5K
The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs in the human body that play a critical role in maintaining overall health. They filter out waste products from the blood, regulate blood pressure, maintain electrolyte balance, and stimulate the production of red blood cells.
The kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal space on either side of the vertebral column, protected posteriorly by the 11th and 12th ribs. The right kidney sits slightly lower than the left owing to the presence of the liver...
The kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal space on either side of the vertebral column, protected posteriorly by the 11th and 12th ribs. The right kidney sits slightly lower than the left owing to the presence of the liver...
3.5K