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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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According to Charles Cooley, we base our image on what we think other people see (Cooley 1902). We imagine how we must appear to others, then react to this speculation. We don certain clothes, prepare our hair in a particular manner, wear makeup, use cologne, and the like—all with the notion that our presentation of ourselves is going to affect how others perceive us. We expect a certain reaction, and, if lucky, we get the one we desire and feel good about it. But more than that, Cooley...
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Network Covalent Solids02:18

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
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Sensory receptors play an integral part in comprehending our external and internal environments. They receive diverse stimuli, converting them into the nervous system's electrochemical signals. This conversion occurs as the stimulus alters the sensory neuron's cell membrane potential, instigating the generation of an action potential. This action potential is subsequently transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), which integrates with other sensory data or higher cognitive...
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Fine-tuning the Size and Minimizing the Noise of Solid-state Nanopores
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Programmable DNA Nanoswitch Sensing with Solid-State Nanopores.

Eric Beamish, Vincent Tabard-Cossa, Michel Godin

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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Solid-state nanopores can now detect small molecules by sensing large polymer changes. This DNA origami nanoswitch system offers high-throughput molecular diagnostics and information storage.

    Keywords:
    DNA origamibiomarker detectiondose−responsemolecular topology sensingnanoswitchsingle-molecule sensingsolid-state nanopore

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    Area of Science:

    • Nanotechnology and Materials Science
    • Molecular Biology and Genetics
    • Biophysics and Sensor Technology

    Background:

    • Sensing performance of solid-state nanopores is often limited by the rapid kinetics of small molecular targets.
    • Developing methods to translate the presence of small targets into detectable signals is crucial for advancing molecular sensing.
    • DNA origami offers a platform for creating programmable, single-molecule switches with potential applications in diagnostics and data storage.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the performance of solid-state nanopores for sensing the conformational states of molecular nanoswitches.
    • To investigate the translocation properties of linear and looped DNA origami nanoswitch topologies.
    • To compare the nanopore platform's ability to detect a DNA analogue of a Zika virus biomarker gene against conventional gel electrophoresis.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of solid-state nanopores in thin membranes.
    • Assembly of molecular nanoswitches using DNA origami principles.
    • Investigation of translocation properties of linear and looped nanoswitch topologies through nanopores.
    • Comparison of nanopore sensing with conventional gel electrophoresis for detecting a specific DNA sequence.

    Main Results:

    • The developed system effectively translates small target presence into large conformational changes of polymers.
    • High-throughput quantification of target concentrations (within an order of magnitude) was achieved by sensing hundreds of molecules.
    • The nanopore platform demonstrated comparable performance to gel electrophoresis for detecting a Zika virus biomarker analogue.

    Conclusions:

    • Solid-state nanopores coupled with DNA origami nanoswitches provide a promising high-throughput platform for molecular sensing.
    • This approach overcomes limitations of fast kinetics for small molecular targets by utilizing large conformational changes.
    • The system holds potential for molecular diagnostics, long-term information storage, and sensitive detection of specific DNA sequences.