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Fructose, galactose and glucose - In health and disease
1Glycologic Limited, Glasgow, G4 0BA, UK.
This review explores the role of dietary monosaccharides like fructose, galactose, and glucose in human health and disease. Understanding their balance is critical for preventing metabolic disorders.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Monosaccharides are fundamental dietary carbohydrates, providing sweetness and energy, particularly from fruits.
- Larger saccharides (disaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides) are converted to monosaccharides during ripening and digestion.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the nutritional significance of key dietary monosaccharides: fructose, galactose, and glucose.
- To examine their roles in health and disease, including metabolic disorders.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of scientific databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Wiley online library).
Main Results:
- Evaluated the nutritional role, utilization, and impact of monosaccharides on health and disease.
- Considered disease states and management related to monosaccharide consumption.
Conclusions:
- The human body requires a physiological balance of carbohydrate ingestion, storage, and utilization.
- Imbalances lead to carbohydrate-based metabolic disorders; this review focuses on digestive and metabolic issues of free monosaccharides.
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