Mitochondrial Metabolism in Cancer. A Tangled Topic. Which Role for Proteomics?

Given the role of mitochondria in modulating many cellular functions, it is not surprising that they can play a crucial role also in molecular pathophysiology of cancer. In particular, the discovery in recent decades of a link between cancer metabolic processes, alterations of mitochondrial DNA, oncogenes and tumor suppressors has led not only to a renaissance of interest in Warburg's pioneering work, but also to a reexamination of his original observations above all in relation to the current knowledge in cancer cell metabolism. It follows that, although mitochondrial contribution to the pathogenesis of cancer has historically tended to be neglected, it is now evident that reprogrammed mitochondria can contribute to a complex bioenergetic adjustment that sustains not only tumor formation but also its progression. Most importantly, cancer cell metabolism seems to have a role in diversified aspects related to cancer pathophysiology (i.e., aggressiveness, recurrence, metastatic dissemination). Hence, it is imperative to always consider cancer cell metabolism, its adaptability, its influences but, above all, its functional heterogeneity in a single tumor, for a really rational and valid approach towards molecular biology of cancer.