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Structural Transformation and Melting in Gold Shock Compressed to 355 GPa.

Surinder M Sharma1, Stefan J Turneaure1, J M Winey1

  • 1Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA.

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|September 7, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gold surprisingly transforms to a body-centered-cubic (bcc) phase under shock compression, challenging previous beliefs about its high-pressure behavior. This discovery impacts its use as a reliable pressure marker in scientific research.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Geophysics

Background:

  • Gold is commonly used as a pressure marker due to the assumption it retains its crystal structure under extreme pressures.
  • Previous studies suggested gold maintains its ambient structure under static and shock compression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the high-pressure crystal structure of gold under shock compression.
  • To determine the pressure-induced phase transitions and melting point of gold.

Main Methods:

  • In situ X-ray diffraction measurements were performed on shock-compressed gold.
  • High-pressure conditions were achieved using dynamic compression techniques.

Main Results:

  • Gold transforms to a body-centered-cubic (bcc) phase at pressures between 150 and 176 GPa.
  • A liquid-bcc coexistence phase was observed from 220 to 302 GPa.
  • Complete melting of gold occurred by 355 GPa.

Conclusions:

  • Shock compression induces a phase transformation to the bcc structure in gold, contradicting theoretical predictions.
  • The observed bcc structure differs from the hexagonal-close-packed structure reported under static compression.
  • These findings necessitate a re-evaluation of gold's application as a pressure marker at extreme conditions.