Exploration of intramolecular split G-quadruplex and its analytical applications

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Molecular Biology
• DNA Nanotechnology

Background:

• Intramolecular split G-quadruplexes (Intra-SGs) are less explored than intermolecular counterparts.
• Intra-SGs offer potential for simplified DNA-based bioanalytical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically investigate the formation and stability of Intra-SGs.
• To provide guidelines for designing and optimizing Intra-SGs for bioanalysis.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of Intra-SG formation based on varying spacer lengths and split modes.
• Thermodynamic stability assessment of different Intra-SG configurations.
• Evaluation of single-thymine capping effects on melting temperature.

Main Results:

• Non-classical Intra-SGs (e.g., 2:10, 4:8, 5:7) show lower stability than classical ones (e.g., 3:9, 6:6, 9:3).
• Guanine tract integrity significantly influences Intra-SG stability.
• Single-thymine capping reduces melting temperature, offering a method for stability adjustment.

Conclusions:

• Established rules for Intra-SG formation and stability are presented.
• Findings facilitate the rational design of split G-quadruplex systems.
• This research contributes to advancing DNA technology applications using split G-quadruplexes.