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Updated: Jan 19, 2026

The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress
Published on: July 4, 2013
Validation of the Assault (Violence) Response Scale: An Update
1Veterans Administration Hospital, Bedford, Massachusetts.
Background And Purpose:
The Assault (Violence) Response Questionnaire has been used widely in the United States, Europe, Asia, and Africa since the 1980s. The purpose is to update the ARQ.
Method:
Specifically the ARQ-R has been expanded to include verbal assault and withholding information, more extensively tested for reliability and validity, and shortened.
Results:
The scale was reduced from 88 to 33 items and yet had the same high reliability and validity as did the larger scale.
Conclusions:
The reduction in size makes it much less time consuming to complete, making it an instrument that very busy nurses can more easily use. The ARQ-R can be used for nurses measuring assault in both hospital and community settings.
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