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Blepharopigmentation: histopathologic observations and X-ray microanalysis.

K B Simons1, C M Payne, R R Heyde

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, University of Arizona, Tucson.

Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
|January 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary
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Permanent eyeliner (blepharopigmentation) involves implanting pigment into the dermis. Histopathologic studies reveal pigment is mainly in macrophages and contains unexpected titanium particles.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Dermatology
  • Cosmetic Science

Background:

  • Blepharopigmentation, or permanent eyeliner, is a cosmetic procedure.
  • Various methods aim to deposit ferrous oxide pigment into the dermis.
  • Histopathologic analysis of eyelid tissue is crucial for understanding pigment interaction.

Observation:

  • Three eyelid specimens were examined, two using a novel multi-needle pigment delivery system.
  • Light microscopy showed pigment confined to the dermis in clumps, with a pigment-free epidermis.
  • Transmission electron microscopy revealed pigment particles predominantly within macrophages.

Findings:

  • Energy-dispersive x-ray micro-analysis detected iron, talc, and titanium in the implanted pigment.
  • The pigment was primarily located within macrophages in the dermal layer.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Despite contaminants like titanium, the eyelid tissue appeared to tolerate the pigment.

    • Implications:

    • Understanding pigment composition and cellular uptake is vital for blepharopigmentation safety.
    • The presence of titanium suggests potential for novel pigment formulations or unexpected reactions.
    • Further research is needed to assess long-term effects and optimize pigment safety in cosmetic procedures.