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Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Quantifying Synapses: an Immunocytochemistry-based Assay to Quantify Synapse Number

Quantifying Synapses: an Immunocytochemistry-based Assay to Quantify Synapse Number

Published on: November 16, 2010

Fluorescence-Based Quantitative Synapse Analysis for Cell Type-Specific Connectomics.

Dika A Kuljis¹, Eunsol Park¹, Cheryl A Telmer¹

¹Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.

|September 25, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed new genetically-encoded tools to visualize and analyze cell type-specific neural connections. These tools reveal that parvalbumin (PV) and somatostatin (SST) neurons provide distinct inhibitory inputs to pyramidal neurons in the mouse cortex.

Keywords:

PV SST VIP anatomy barrel cortex pyramidal cell

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Last Updated: Jan 19, 2026

Quantifying Synapses: an Immunocytochemistry-based Assay to Quantify Synapse Number

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Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of the Immune Synapse in the Human System Using Imaging Flow Cytometry

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of the Immune Synapse in the Human System Using Imaging Flow Cytometry

Published on: January 7, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Molecular Biology
Systems Biology

Background:

Understanding neural circuit function requires precise methods to map cell type-specific connectivity.
Current anatomical methods face limitations in high-throughput, cell-type specific synapse analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate genetically-encoded reagents for fluorescence-based synapse labeling and connectivity analysis.
To quantitatively assess inhibitory synaptic input from different interneuron subtypes onto pyramidal neurons.

Main Methods:

Development of postsynaptically-localized neuroligin-1 (NL-1) fused to fluorogen-activating protein (FAP) or YFP (FAP/YFPpost).
Sparse AAV-mediated expression of FAP/YFPpost with dTomato for synapse detection.
Multichannel fluorescence microscopy and automated analysis in transgenic mice with labeled parvalbumin (PV), somatostatin (SST), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) neurons.

Main Results:

FAPpost expression did not affect miniature postsynaptic current properties.
High-throughput, compartment-specific synapse detection was achieved across diverse neuron types.
Parvalbumin (PV) inputs were the primary source of inhibition at soma and dendrites, concentrated on apical dendrites.
Somatostatin (SST) inputs were found on higher-order dendritic branches, interleaved with PV inputs.

Conclusions:

Genetically-encoded FAP/YFPpost reagents enable detailed, cell type-specific analysis of synaptic connectivity.
This method provides quantitative insights into the distinct roles of inhibitory interneurons in cortical circuits.
The developed tools facilitate large-scale studies of synaptic plasticity in development, learning, and disease.