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Analysis of Soft Tissue Materials for Simulation Development.

Julia Caldwell1, James J Mooney

  • 1From Emory University, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (J.J.M.), Atlanta, GA; and Vitality Pain of Bowling Green (J.C.), Bowling Green, KY.

Simulation in Healthcare : Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare
|October 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers explored casting materials like silicone, urethane, foams, and gels to create realistic soft tissue simulants for medical training. Silicone and urethane show promise for both imaging and interventions.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Medical Simulation

Background:

  • Custom medical training simulations are often cost-effective alternatives to purchased models.
  • Existing 3D printing materials have physical limitations for soft tissue simulation.
  • This study investigates materials for creating realistic soft tissue simulants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate physical properties of castable materials for soft tissue simulant creation.
  • To assess suitability of materials for medical imaging and interventions.
  • To explore cost-effective simulant production.

Main Methods:

  • Casting various materials (foams, rubbers, urethanes, silicones, gels) into standardized forms.
  • Visualizing samples using computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound (US).
  • Measuring needle penetration force (18ga and 22ga needles).

Main Results:

  • Silicone rubbers visualized well with US; CT showed 100-200 Hounsfield units (HU).
  • Gels had low HU (-175 to 8) and were US-clear; foams (urethanes) had low HU and were US-opaque.
  • Needle forces ranged from 0.05-23.34 N; gels/foams were lower, with silicone overlap. Additives altered silicone properties.

Conclusions:

  • Silicone and urethane materials effectively mimic soft tissues for imaging and interventions.
  • Potential exists for producing custom, high-fidelity simulants independently.
  • Further research needed to optimize material combinations and techniques.