Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

5.4K
Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in...
5.4K
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

5.7K
Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
5.7K
Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration01:27

Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration

3.9K
Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
Various transmembrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), elicit a response to extracellular signals by increasing cytosolic calcium. Activated GPCRs...
3.9K
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

40.2K
Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
40.2K
Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

7.8K
Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the...
7.8K
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

3.8K
Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
3.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Reevaluation of Lateral Ventricular Enlargement in Psychiatry.

Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences·2026
Same author

Glyoxal fixation is applicable to whole-brain serial section imaging in mice.

Journal of pharmacological sciences·2026
Same author

Clinical characteristics of patients presenting with depressive states who are not receiving antidepressants: A multicenter observational study in Japanese psychiatric practice.

PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences·2026
Same author

Empirical validation of race-neutral normative brain morphometry models across ethnoracially diverse populations.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

The introduction of measurement-based care for patients with schizophrenia may improve psychiatric symptoms and guideline adherence rate.

The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology·2026
Same author

Association Between Psychiatrists' Subjective Clinical Behavior Scores and Objective Quality Indicators Based on Discharge Prescriptions: A Nationwide Multicenter Study Based on the EGUIDE Project.

Neuropsychopharmacology reports·2026
Same journal

Mammalian Respiratory Chain Complex Assemblies and Their Links to Mitochondria Stress-Induced Human Diseases.

Advances in experimental medicine and biology·2026
Same journal

Enzyme Assemblies in Nucleotide Metabolism: Structure, Regulation, and Disease Implications.

Advances in experimental medicine and biology·2026
Same journal

The Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex: A 90-Year-Old Enigma Shaping the Future of Structural Enzymology.

Advances in experimental medicine and biology·2026
Same journal

Regulation of the Anti-termination RNA Transcription Complex by Lon-Mediated Lambda N Degradation.

Advances in experimental medicine and biology·2026
Same journal

PCNA Macromolecular Complexes: PCNA Serves as a Molecular Hub Regulating Multiple Cellular Processes Inside and Outside of the Nucleus.

Advances in experimental medicine and biology·2026
Same journal

Dynamic Assemblies in Genome Maintenance.

Advances in experimental medicine and biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 5, 2026

A Fluorescent Intravital Imaging Approach to Study Load-Induced Calcium Signaling Dynamics in Mouse Osteocytes
05:03

A Fluorescent Intravital Imaging Approach to Study Load-Induced Calcium Signaling Dynamics in Mouse Osteocytes

Published on: February 24, 2023

999

Extracellular Ca2+ in Bone Marrow.

Ryota Hashimoto1

  • 1Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. hryota@juntendo.ac.jp.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|October 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High calcium levels in bone marrow influence stem cell differentiation. Depending on conditions, calcium can promote bone formation or fat cell accumulation, impacting bone health.

Keywords:
AdipocytesBone marrowExtracellular Ca2+HypercalcemiaHypocalcemiaMesenchymal stem cellsOsteoblasts

More Related Videos

Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis
14:55

Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis

Published on: June 24, 2018

9.6K
Tracking Mouse Bone Marrow Monocytes In Vivo
12:08

Tracking Mouse Bone Marrow Monocytes In Vivo

Published on: February 27, 2015

10.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 5, 2026

A Fluorescent Intravital Imaging Approach to Study Load-Induced Calcium Signaling Dynamics in Mouse Osteocytes
05:03

A Fluorescent Intravital Imaging Approach to Study Load-Induced Calcium Signaling Dynamics in Mouse Osteocytes

Published on: February 24, 2023

999
Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis
14:55

Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis

Published on: June 24, 2018

9.6K
Tracking Mouse Bone Marrow Monocytes In Vivo
12:08

Tracking Mouse Bone Marrow Monocytes In Vivo

Published on: February 27, 2015

10.0K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Bone Physiology

Background:

  • Bone homeostasis relies on a balance between bone formation and resorption, and mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into osteoblasts and adipocytes.
  • Bone marrow stromal cells are crucial for maintaining bone structure and function.
  • Transient high calcium concentrations can occur locally in bone marrow due to bone resorption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of extracellular calcium concentration on mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into osteoblasts and adipocytes.
  • To understand how bone resorption-induced calcium changes influence bone homeostasis under different differentiation conditions.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro culture of bone marrow stromal cells.
  • Manipulation of extracellular calcium concentrations.
  • Induction of adipocyte differentiation using insulin and dexamethasone.

Main Results:

  • High extracellular calcium enhanced osteoblast accumulation when adipocyte differentiation was infrequent.
  • High extracellular calcium promoted adipocyte accumulation when adipocyte differentiation was predominant.
  • Increased adipocyte accumulation in bone marrow was linked to suppressed lymphohematopoiesis and impaired osteogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Extracellular calcium levels dynamically regulate mesenchymal stem cell fate, favoring osteogenesis or adipogenesis based on differentiation conditions.
  • Bone resorption-associated calcium increases may promote bone repair in normal states but contribute to adiposity and bone dysfunction in conditions like aging or obesity.
  • Bone marrow adiposity negatively impacts lymphohematopoiesis and osteogenesis, highlighting the clinical relevance of calcium-mediated differentiation shifts.