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Related Concept Videos

Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
731

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Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs
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Growth Restriction and Systemic Immune Development in Preterm Piglets.

Ole Bæk1, Per Torp Sangild1, Thomas Thymann1

  • 1Section for Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.

Frontiers in Immunology
|October 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Moderate growth restriction (GR) in preterm pigs did not significantly impair systemic immunity, despite minor changes in immune cells and body composition. This suggests preterm infants with similar conditions may also have resilient immune systems.

Keywords:
developmentextrauterinegrowth restrictionimmune systemimmunityinfantintrauterinepreterm

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Physiology
  • Immunology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Preterm infants often experience growth restriction (GR) due to prenatal complications, potentially impacting postnatal development and infection susceptibility.
  • The relationship between GR severity and systemic immune function in preterm neonates remains unclear.
  • Preterm pigs serve as a relevant model to study the effects of GR on immune development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of moderate fetal growth restriction (F-GR) and postnatal growth restriction (P-GR) on systemic immune development in preterm pigs.
  • To determine if moderate GR affects immune cell populations, function, and overall clinical status.
  • To provide insights into potential immune responses in preterm infants with similar growth challenges.

Main Methods:

  • Preterm pigs were subjected to F-GR or P-GR, compared to controls, and fed bovine milk diets.
  • Organ weights, blood chemistry, and hematology were assessed.
  • Detailed analyses included neutrophil function, T cell counts, cytokine levels, and leukocyte gene expression in a subgroup of piglets.

Main Results:

  • Fetal growth restriction (F-GR) was associated with increased adrenal gland weight and decreased bone mineral content, alongside altered leukocyte and interleukin-10 levels at specific time points.
  • Postnatal growth restriction (P-GR) showed elevated leukocyte, neutrophil, monocyte, eosinophil, and helper T cell counts, but reduced neutrophil phagocytic capacity.
  • Neither F-GR nor P-GR significantly affected diarrhea incidence, other organ weights, blood chemistry, or most immune variables.

Conclusions:

  • Moderate fetal and postnatal growth restriction in preterm pigs has a limited impact on overall systemic immune development.
  • Marginal effects on specific immune cell populations, adrenocortical function, and body composition were observed.
  • Findings suggest that moderate GR may not severely compromise systemic immunity in preterm infants, warranting further investigation.