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Unipolar MR elastography: Theory, numerical analysis and implementation.

Christian Guenthner1, Sweta Sethi2, Marian Troelstra3,4

  • 1Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

NMR in Biomedicine
|October 31, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We introduce unipolar MR elastography (MRE), a novel technique using a single gradient pulse to directly encode spin displacement. This method enhances motion sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio, improving stiffness imaging and detecting inclusions missed by conventional MRE.

Keywords:
MR elastographydiffusion-weighted imagingsampling strategies

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Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Physics

Background:

  • Conventional MR elastography (MRE) uses motion-encoding gradients (MEGs) that balance signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with motion sensitivity.
  • Existing GRE-MRE sequences face limitations due to T2* decay and motion sensitivity, restricting repetition times (TRs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel unipolar MR elastography (MRE) technique for improved displacement encoding and stiffness quantification.
  • To enhance motion sensitivity and SNR in MRE by directly encoding spin displacement using a single trapezoidal gradient.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed a time-reversed spoiled SSFP sequence where the spoiling gradient acts as an efficient unipolar MEG for direct spin displacement encoding.
  • Analyzed motion encoding using the extended phase graph (EPG) formalism with a periodic motion propagator and extended the two-transverse TR approximation for diffusion-weighted SSFP.
  • Introduced a complex encoding efficiency metric to compare unipolar and conventional GRE-MRE sequences and performed an extensive parameter study.

Main Results:

  • Unipolar MRE demonstrated significantly higher motion sensitivity and an order of magnitude higher displacement encoding efficiency compared to conventional bipolar MEGs.
  • Phantom studies showed excellent agreement between measured displacement fields from unipolar MRE and conventional GRE-MRE.
  • Unipolar MRE achieved significantly increased octahedral shear strain-SNR and successfully recovered high stiffness inclusions, outperforming conventional GRE-MRE.

Conclusions:

  • Unipolar MRE offers superior motion encoding efficiency and SNR compared to conventional GRE-MRE.
  • The technique enables improved detection of stiff inclusions and enhances the overall accuracy of MRE-based stiffness imaging.
  • Unipolar MRE represents a significant advancement in MRE, offering a more sensitive and robust method for mechanical property mapping.