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    A new Sagnac interferometer-based polarization modulation scheme enhances quantum key distribution (QKD). This stable, high-speed method achieves a low quantum bit-error rate, improving secure communication systems.

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    Area of Science:

    • Quantum Information Science
    • Optical Communications
    • Quantum Cryptography

    Background:

    • Polarization modulation is crucial for polarization-encoding quantum key distribution (QKD).
    • Existing methods face challenges like polarization mode dispersion and environmental instability.
    • Need for robust and high-speed modulation techniques in QKD.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a novel, intrinsically stable polarization modulation scheme for QKD.
    • To demonstrate the feasibility and stability of this new scheme at high frequencies.
    • To reduce quantum bit-error rates in polarization-encoded QKD systems.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a polarization modulation scheme utilizing a Sagnac interferometer.
    • Experimental validation at a repetition frequency of 1.25 GHz.
    • Performance evaluation through measurement of quantum bit-error rate over extended periods.

    Main Results:

    • The Sagnac interferometer-based scheme is inherently stable and free from polarization mode dispersion and calibration requirements.
    • Experiments demonstrated feasibility and stability at 1.25 GHz.
    • Achieved an average quantum bit-error rate of 0.27% for four polarization states over 80 minutes without adjustment.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed high-speed, intrinsically stable polarization modulation scheme is highly effective for QKD.
    • This technique offers significant advantages in terms of stability and error rate reduction.
    • Potential for broad application in various polarization-encoding QKD systems like BB84 and MDI.