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Related Concept Videos

Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors01:31

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Nuclear receptors, or NRs, are unique transcription factors that regulate gene transcription and affect the cellular pathways involved in reproduction, development, or metabolism. Their ability to be stimulated by small lipophilic ligands and control vital cellular processes makes them ideal drug targets. Nearly 10-15% of currently prescribed drugs target these receptors.
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The adherens junctions that anchor cells together are multi-protein complexes that dynamically adapt to mechanical stimuli such as tensile forces and shear stress. Mechanosensory proteins in these junctions can sense such mechanical stimuli and undergo a shift in their conformation, resulting in an altered function — a process called mechanotransduction.
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In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue. 
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Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
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Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
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Updated: Jan 4, 2026

Combining 3D Magnetic Force Actuator and Multi-Functional Fluorescence Imaging to Study Nucleus Mechanobiology
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Combining 3D Magnetic Force Actuator and Multi-Functional Fluorescence Imaging to Study Nucleus Mechanobiology

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Nuclear mechanosensing.

Yuntao Xia1,2, Charlotte R Pfeifer1,2, Sangkyun Cho1,2

  • 1Physical Sciences Oncology Center at Penn (PSOC@Penn), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A.

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences
|November 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The nucleus senses physical forces through connections to the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix. These nuclear mechanosensation processes influence gene expression and cellular functions, involving key proteins like lamin A.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Mechanobiology

Background:

  • The nucleus interacts with the cytoskeleton and extracellular environment, enabling direct mechanosensing by nuclear factors.
  • Nuclear mechanosensation is crucial for cellular responses to physical stimuli.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent studies on nuclear mechanosensation processes.
  • To highlight the role of nuclear mechanosensing in gene expression and cellular regulation.
  • To emphasize the importance of understanding these pathways in health and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on nuclear mechanosensation.
  • Analysis of biophysical mechanisms involved in nuclear force transmission.
  • Examination of the role of nuclear lamina proteins, such as lamin A.

Main Results:

  • Nuclear mechanosensation involves processes like DNA repair, protein phospho-modulation, chromatin reorganization, and nuclear rupture.
  • These processes modulate gene expression, affecting cytoskeletal programs and copy number variations.
  • Lamin A is a key protein in nuclear mechanosensing, and biophysical analyses are vital for understanding mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Nuclear mechanosensing pathways are critical regulators of cellular responses to mechanical cues.
  • Further research into these pathways is needed for both physiological and pathological contexts.
  • Understanding nuclear mechanosensation offers insights into cellular regulation and disease mechanisms.