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Related Concept Videos

Radical Reactivity: Concentration Effects01:20

Radical Reactivity: Concentration Effects

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In a radical reaction, the concentration of starting materials governs the selectivity of a radical. For example, the reaction between an alkyl halide and an alkene, in the presence of tin hydride and AIBN, begins with the generation of a tin radical. The generated radical then abstracts halogen from the alkyl halide, producing an alkyl radical. This alkyl radical can either react with tin hydride, yielding an alkane, or add to an alkene, generating a nitrile-stabilized radical, eventually...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Alkenes via Reductive Coupling of Aldehydes or Ketones: McMurry Reaction01:22

Alkenes via Reductive Coupling of Aldehydes or Ketones: McMurry Reaction

2.2K
The radical dimerization of ketones or aldehydes gives vicinal diols through a pinacol coupling reaction. However, the behavior of titanium metals used for the reaction as a source of electrons is unusual. When the reaction is carried out in the presence of titanium, diols can be isolated at low temperatures. Else titanium further reacts with diols, forming alkenes through the McMurry reaction.
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Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation01:16

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation

4.1K
Thermal cycloadditions are reactions where the source of activation energy needed to initiate the reaction is provided in the form of heat. A typical example of a thermally-allowed cycloaddition is the Diels–Alder reaction, which is a [4 + 2] cycloaddition. In contrast, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition is thermally forbidden.
4.1K
Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

8.9K
Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
8.9K
Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

30.0K
The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Versatile CO2 Transformations into Complex Products: A One-pot Two-step Strategy
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Ti3 C2 : An Ideal Co-catalyst?

Biao Wang1,2, Mengye Wang1, Fangyan Liu1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|November 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) derived from Ti3C2, not Ti3C2 itself, act as co-catalysts, significantly boosting La2Ti2O7 photocatalytic efficiency by 16 times. This enhancement stems from GQDs suppressing charge recombination in the composite material.

Keywords:
Solid-state NMRTi3C2co-catalystsgraphene quantum dotsphotocatalysis

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Photocatalysis

Background:

  • The role of 2D Ti3C2 in enhancing photocatalytic efficiency is not well understood.
  • La2Ti2O7 is a promising photocatalyst, but its efficiency needs improvement.
  • Ti3C2-based MXenes are explored for their catalytic properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanism by which Ti3C2 derivatives enhance the photocatalytic activity of La2Ti2O7.
  • To identify the specific component within Ti3C2 responsible for the co-catalytic effect.
  • To investigate the formation and role of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) in photocatalysis.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of La2Ti2O7/Ti3C2 (LTC) composites.
  • Characterization using Solid-state NMR, Raman spectroscopy, and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM).
  • Photocatalytic activity testing and analysis of photogenerated charge carrier dynamics using photoluminescence (PL) and transient photocurrent measurements.

Main Results:

  • Graphene quantum dots (GQDs), not 2D Ti3C2, were identified as the active co-catalyst in LTC composites.
  • The photocatalytic efficiency of La2Ti2O7 was enhanced 16-fold after modification with Ti3C2 derivatives containing GQDs.
  • GQDs were confirmed to be formed during HF etching of Ti3AlC2 and effectively suppressed photogenerated charge recombination in La2Ti2O7.

Conclusions:

  • GQDs derived from Ti3C2 are the key co-catalyst responsible for the enhanced photocatalytic performance of La2Ti2O7.
  • 2D Ti3C2 is oxidized to TiO(x) species, losing its conductivity and co-catalytic function.
  • The formation of GQDs during synthesis is crucial for suppressing charge recombination and improving photocatalysis.