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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

4.6K
Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
4.6K
Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

32.0K
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
32.0K
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

5.3K
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
5.3K
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

27.2K
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
27.2K
Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

5.4K
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
5.4K
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

2.1K
Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
2.1K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 3, 2026

Promotion of Survival and Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells with Fibrin and Growth Factor Cocktails after Severe Spinal Cord Injury
09:56

Promotion of Survival and Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells with Fibrin and Growth Factor Cocktails after Severe Spinal Cord Injury

Published on: July 27, 2014

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Stem Cells and Spinal Fusion.

Vivek P Shah1, Wellington K Hsu2

  • 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery - Hsu Lab, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.

Neurosurgery Clinics of North America
|November 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mesenchymal stem cells show promise for spinal fusion, offering high success rates comparable to traditional methods without significant complications. Both autologous and allogeneic stem cell sources demonstrate similar efficacy in clinical studies.

Keywords:
AllogeneicAutologousMesenchymal stem cellsSpine fusionStem cell

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Neural Stem Cell Transplantation in Experimental Contusive Model of Spinal Cord Injury
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Neural Stem Cell Transplantation in Experimental Contusive Model of Spinal Cord Injury

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics and Regenerative Medicine
  • Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Spinal fusion procedures often utilize bone regeneration therapeutics.
  • Existing therapeutics carry risks such as pseudarthrosis and inflammation.
  • Mesenchymal stem cells are being explored as a safer alternative for spinal fusion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing clinical studies on the use of mesenchymal stem cells in spinal fusion.
  • To assess the efficacy and safety of stem cells for promoting bony fusion.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of clinical studies involving mesenchymal stem cells for spinal fusion.
  • Analysis of fusion rates and complication profiles.

Main Results:

  • Preliminary data indicate high spinal fusion rates with mesenchymal stem cells, comparable to autograft.
  • Stem cell therapy demonstrated reduced associated morbidity compared to conventional methods.
  • Both autologous and allogeneic stem cell sources yielded similar fusion rates.

Conclusions:

  • Mesenchymal stem cells represent a viable therapeutic option for spinal fusion.
  • Further research is needed to optimize the application of stem cells in specific clinical scenarios.