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Ca(2+) Ion and Autophagy.

Yang-Xi Hu1, Xiao-Shuai Han2, Qing Jing3

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|November 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) has a complex, bidirectional role in regulating autophagy, acting as both a promoter and suppressor. The exact mechanisms driving these opposing effects remain under investigation and are crucial for understanding cellular processes.

Keywords:
AMPKAutophagyCa(2+)CalciumIP3R

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) is a critical second messenger regulating numerous cellular functions.
  • Autophagy is a fundamental cellular process involved in degradation and recycling of cellular components.
  • The precise relationship between Ca2+ and autophagy regulation is complex and not fully elucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize current research on the bidirectional role of intracellular calcium in autophagy.
  • To explore the diverse signaling pathways and mechanisms by which Ca2+ influences autophagy.
  • To highlight the ongoing controversies and knowledge gaps regarding Ca2+ and autophagy regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating calcium signaling and autophagy.
  • Analysis of proposed molecular pathways, including IP3R, beclin1, CaMKKβ-AMPK-mTOR, and mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake.
  • Comparison of findings reporting both pro-autophagic and anti-autophagic effects of Ca2+.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests Ca2+ can promote autophagy via pathways involving IP3R/beclin1 and CaMKKβ-AMPK-mTOR.
  • Conversely, Ca2+ may inhibit autophagy through mechanisms like the IP3R/beclin1-Bcl-2 complex.
  • Mitochondrial Ca2+ handling and lysosomal Ca2+ signaling also play roles in modulating autophagy.

Conclusions:

  • Intracellular calcium exerts a dual role in autophagy, promoting or inhibiting it depending on cellular context and specific pathways.
  • The intricate mechanisms underlying this bidirectional regulation require further investigation.
  • A comprehensive understanding of Ca2+ and autophagy interplay is essential for deciphering cellular homeostasis and stress responses.