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Cellular and Molecular Mechanism of Ganoderma (Lingzhi) Against Tumor
Abstract:
The anticancer potential of Ganoderma (Lingzhi) and its extracts has been widely demonstrated, including antiproliferative and apoptosis inductive, antimetastatic, antiangiogenic, and multidrug resistance reversional activities, involving a variety of cellular and molecular mechanisms besides antitumor immunology. Intrinsic- and extrinsic-initiated apoptotic pathway in association with cell cycle arresting, telomerase inhibiting, autophagy, and oxidative stress is involved in the antiproliferative and apoptosis inductive activities of Ganoderma and its extracts. The inhibition of tumor cell adhesion, invasion, and migration by Ganoderma and its extracts involves molecular mechanisms such as AP-1, NF-κB, MMP, cadherin, β-integrin, c-Met, FAK, EMT, and so on. Targeting the major pro-angiogenic stimulus, VEGF, and its receptor contributes to the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis by Ganoderma and its extracts. Inhibition against the ATP-dependent transmembrane drug transporter such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) on the surface of resistant tumor cells to prevent reduction of the intracellular accumulation of anticancer drugs by pumping out the drugs plays an important role in the activities of Ganoderma and its extracts to reverse tumor cell multidrug resistance.
Insights
Ganoderma (Lingzhi) exhibits significant anticancer properties by inhibiting cancer cell growth, spread, and blood vessel formation. It also helps reverse multidrug resistance in cancer cells through various molecular mechanisms.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Molecular Biology
- Cancer Research
Background:
- Ganoderma (Lingzhi) has demonstrated broad anticancer potential.
- Its activities involve complex cellular and molecular pathways.
- Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for therapeutic development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the multifaceted anticancer mechanisms of Ganoderma and its extracts.
- To detail the molecular targets and pathways involved in its antitumorigenic effects.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on Ganoderma's anticancer activities.
- Analysis of cellular and molecular mechanisms including apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and angiogenesis.
- Investigation of pathways related to metastasis and multidrug resistance.
Main Results:
- Ganoderma exhibits antiproliferative and apoptosis-inductive effects via cell cycle arrest, telomerase inhibition, autophagy, and oxidative stress.
- It inhibits metastasis by modulating adhesion, invasion, and migration through pathways like AP-1, NF-κB, and EMT.
- Ganoderma inhibits tumor angiogenesis by targeting VEGF and reverses multidrug resistance by inhibiting P-glycoprotein.
Conclusions:
- Ganoderma (Lingzhi) possesses diverse anticancer properties.
- Its efficacy is mediated by a range of molecular mechanisms targeting critical cancer processes.
- Ganoderma extracts represent a promising avenue for cancer therapy and overcoming drug resistance.
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