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EEG Alpha-Rhythm-Related Changes in BOLD fMRI Signal in Neurofeedback Training.

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Electroencephalography (EEG) biofeedback training modifies brain activity. Alpha rhythm upregulation training deactivated specific brain regions, including the executive control network, suggesting targeted neural changes.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Understanding the neural mechanisms underlying electroencephalography (EEG) biofeedback is crucial for its therapeutic applications.
  • Previous research suggests a link between EEG activity and blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signals measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interaction between EEG activity and BOLD signals during an EEG-biofeedback training course.
  • To identify brain regions modulated by successful alpha-rhythm upregulation training.

Main Methods:

  • Healthy male subjects (aged 20-35) underwent 20 sessions of sound-reinforced alpha or beta EEG activity upregulation.
  • fMRI-EEG recordings were performed pre-training, mid-training, and post-training during resting state and upregulation attempts.
  • Regression analysis correlated BOLD signal changes with alpha rhythm power.

Main Results:

  • Significant BOLD signal changes related to alpha rhythm power were observed in participants who successfully upregulated alpha activity.
  • Maximum BOLD signal changes, primarily deactivations, were identified in the right hemisphere (T8 lead) and left hemisphere (F7 lead).
  • Affected brain regions included the middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus (triangular part), superior temporal gyrus, parietal lobule, and insula, corresponding to the executive control network and anterior salience network.

Conclusions:

  • EEG biofeedback, specifically alpha-rhythm upregulation, induces measurable changes in BOLD brain activity.
  • The findings highlight the involvement of executive control and salience networks in the process of volitionally modulating EEG activity.
  • This study provides neuroimaging evidence for the neural correlates of successful EEG biofeedback training.