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Updated: Jan 2, 2026

Protocol for the Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Mixed Cultures of Neurons and Glia for Neurotoxicity Testing
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Nrf2 in liver toxicology.

Keiko Taguchi1, Thomas W Kensler2

  • 1Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan. keiko@med.tohoku.ac.jp.

Archives of Pharmacal Research
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PubMed
Summary

The Nrf2 pathway protects the liver from toxic chemicals. This review summarizes Nrf2

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology and Molecular Biology
  • Hepatotoxicity and Drug Development

Background:

  • The liver is crucial for metabolizing endogenous and exogenous compounds.
  • Understanding chemical bioactivation and detoxification is key to preventing liver injury.
  • Idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity hinders drug development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of the Nrf2 pathway in liver toxicology.
  • To explore the impact of Nrf2 on hepatotoxicant effects.
  • To discuss using the Nrf2 response for predictive toxicology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of mechanistic studies on Nrf2, Keap1, and hepatic detoxication.
  • Analysis of studies involving Nrf2 or Keap1 gene disruption in mice.
  • Examination of Nrf2's role in modulating drug/toxicant-induced hepatotoxicity.

Main Results:

  • The Nrf2 pathway is central to defending against chemical stress in the liver.
  • Loss of Nrf2 function generally increases sensitivity to hepatotoxic chemicals.
  • Nrf2 activation influences the toxicity of various hepatotoxicants.

Conclusions:

  • Nrf2 plays a critical role in mitigating chemical-induced liver injury.
  • Targeting the Nrf2 response holds promise for predictive toxicology and drug safety.