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A Multidimensional Analysis of Religious Extremism.
Susilo Wibisono1,2, Winnifred R Louis1, Jolanda Jetten1
1School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Frontiers in Psychology
|December 6, 2019
Summary
Religious extremism is complex, not just linked to violence. This study proposes a multidimensional framework (theological, ritual, social, political) to better understand diverse expressions of religious extremism globally.
Area of Science:
- Sociology of Religion
- Political Science
- Religious Studies
Background:
- Religious extremism is often oversimplified as solely linked to religious violence.
- Existing frameworks fail to capture the nuanced interpretations and beliefs defining extreme religious identity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To unpack the meaning of "extreme" in religious contexts.
- To develop a comprehensive, multidimensional framework for understanding religious extremism.
- To move beyond violence-centric analyses of religious radicalism.
Main Methods:
- Developed a model of religious extremism based on four dimensions: theological, ritual, social, and political.
- Utilized a variety of Islamic groups in Indonesia as a case study.
- Analyzed how religious groups can exhibit varying degrees of extremism across different dimensions.
Main Results:
- Religious extremism is not monolithic; individuals or groups can be extreme in some dimensions (e.g., ritual) while moderate in others (e.g., political).
- The proposed four-dimensional model (theological, ritual, social, political) offers a more nuanced understanding of religious extremism.
- This framework moves beyond equating religious extremism with violence.
Conclusions:
- A multidimensional approach is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of religious extremism.
- This framework provides new insights into the global issue of religious extremism and its varied expressions.
- Understanding religious radicalism requires looking beyond a singular focus on violence.
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