Varieties of recollective experience

Area of Science:

• Cognitive Psychology
• Neuroscience
• Memory Research

Background:

• The traditional Remember/Know paradigm categorizes recognition memory into conscious recollection (Remembering) and familiarity-based retrieval (Knowing).
• Existing models may not fully capture the nuances of subjective recollective experience in recognition memory.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate a tripartite classification of recollective experience in recognition memory: Remembering, Knowing, and Feeling.
• To differentiate Recognition-by-Knowing and Recognition-by-Feeling based on encoding, retrieval, and performance characteristics.

Main Methods:

• Utilized variants of Tulving's Remember/Know paradigm across four experiments.
• Manipulated encoding depth, recognition criteria, and response parameters.
• Analyzed response latencies, accuracy (d-prime), and false recognition patterns.

Main Results:

• Recognition-by-Knowing and Recognition-by-Feeling were distinguished by encoding levels, response criteria, and latency.
• False recognition was more associated with Feeling than Knowing.
• Recognition-by-Knowing increased with study trials, whereas Recognition-by-Feeling decreased.

Conclusions:

• The tripartite model (Remembering, Knowing, Feeling) offers a more comprehensive account of recognition memory than dual-process models.
• Findings differentiate memory retrieval processes and inform dual-process theories and the search for neural correlates of memory.