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Online Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Protocol for Measuring Cortical Physiology Associated with Response Inhibition

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Motor Conflict: Revealing Involuntary Conditioned Motor Preparation Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.

D M D Tran¹, J A Harris¹, I M Harris¹

¹School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)

|December 10, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Environmental cues can involuntarily control motor preparation, overriding conscious expectations. This study shows learned associations, not conscious anticipation, drive neurophysiological responses in action-outcome tasks.

Keywords:

Go/No-Go Perruchet effect associative learning motor control transcranial magnetic stimulation

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology
Motor Control

Background:

Motor control is often viewed as a top-down, deliberate process.
However, involuntary control by environmental cues is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if environmental cues, previously associated with actions, can involuntarily control motor preparation.
To examine the dissociation between learned associations and conscious expectancies in motor control.

Main Methods:

Used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to measure corticospinal excitability.
Participants performed a Go/No-Go task and rated expected trial types.
Probed motor preparation during a warning cue phase.

Main Results:

Corticospinal excitability closely matched recent cue-outcome pairings.
This neurophysiological preparation conflicted with participants' conscious expectations.
Learned cue-action associations, not conscious anticipation, influenced motor preparation.

Conclusions:

Motor preparation can be involuntarily controlled by learned environmental cues.
Conditioned responding and motor preparation operate independently of conscious expectancies.
This challenges the notion that all motor control is driven by deliberate, top-down processes.