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Cell death mechanisms in eukaryotes.

J Grace Nirmala1, Manu Lopus2

  • 1School of Biological Sciences, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Mumbai, 400098, India.

Cell Biology and Toxicology
|December 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cell death occurs in diverse forms, including programmed apoptosis and inflammatory necrosis. Understanding these varied cell death mechanisms is crucial for cell biology and homeostasis.

Keywords:
ApoptosisAutosisEntosisFerroptosisMethuosisNETosisNecroptosisNecrosisParthanatosPyronecrosisPyroptosis

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Cell death is essential for multicellular organisms, occurring through various programmed and unprogrammed pathways.
  • Apoptosis and necrosis are well-characterized forms of cell death with distinct molecular mechanisms.
  • Numerous other cell death modalities exist, playing roles in maintaining or disrupting cellular homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the diverse mechanisms of cell death.
  • To differentiate between classical apoptosis and necrosis and explore related pathways.
  • To highlight the roles of various cell death types in cellular and organismal health.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of established and emerging cell death pathways.
  • Analysis of molecular regulators and signaling cascades involved in apoptosis and necrosis.
  • Categorization of cell death mechanisms based on their distinct features and cellular roles.

Main Results:

  • Apoptosis is regulated by death ligands, caspases, and Bcl-2 family proteins, involving events like mitotic catastrophe and anoikis.
  • Necrosis, while often perceived as uncoordinated, involves specific molecular events and shares features with other death types.
  • Emerging cell death pathways such as necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and parthanatos exhibit unique characteristics and regulatory networks.

Conclusions:

  • Cell death is a multifaceted biological process with diverse pathways beyond apoptosis and necrosis.
  • Understanding the molecular intricacies of each cell death mechanism is vital for comprehending their impact on homeostasis.
  • Further research into these varied cell death modalities holds potential for therapeutic interventions in disease states.