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Intracerebroventricular Delivery of Gut-Derived Microbial Metabolites in Freely Moving Mice

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Gut Microbiome and Modulation of CNS Function.

Vadim Osadchiy¹, Clair R Martin¹, Emeran A Mayer¹

¹G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, UCLA Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, and UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Comprehensive Physiology

|December 20, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The gut microbiome influences brain function through various communication pathways. While preclinical studies show strong links, more human research is needed to confirm the gut microbiome

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Microbiology
Physiology

Background:

Preclinical evidence indicates the gut microbiome modulates host central nervous system (CNS) function and behavior.
Communication channels exist between the gut microbiome and the brain, influencing each other's composition and function.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and the CNS.
To highlight the current understanding and limitations in establishing a causal role for the gut microbiome in human CNS function.

Main Methods:

Review of preclinical rodent models demonstrating microbial influence on brain structure and function.
Analysis of human studies reporting associations between gut microbiota and brain disorders.
Examination of fecal microbial transplantation studies in gnotobiotic mice.

Main Results:

Gut microbes signal the brain via endocrine, neural, and inflammatory pathways, affecting brain function.
Autonomic nervous system activity influences the gut microbiome.
Human studies show associations, and fecal transplants can replicate features, but causality remains unclear.

Conclusions:

While preclinical data is compelling, robust human evidence for a causal role of the gut microbiome in CNS function is limited.
Longitudinal studies with therapeutic interventions are necessary to establish causality and inform future clinical trials.