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Bisretinoids: More than Meets the Eye.

Hye Jin Kim1, Janet R Sparrow2

  • 1Departments of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.

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|December 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified a new bisretinoid, alkyl ether lysoA2PE, in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). This discovery aids understanding of RPE cell burden and age-related retina diseases.

Keywords:
BisretinoidsFluorescenceLipidsLipofuscinLysophospholipidPhospholipase A2RetinaldehydeVitamin A

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Lipid Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Bisretinoid fluorophores are key components of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) lipofuscin.
  • Accumulation of these phototoxic retinaldehyde-adducts with age contributes to retina disease.
  • Identifying and quantifying bisretinoid species is crucial for understanding RPE cell burden.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize novel bisretinoid species within the RPE.
  • To elucidate the formation and localization of bisretinoids in retinal tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection, fluorescence, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (UPLC-PDA-FLR-ESI-MS).
  • Performed biomimetic synthesis using all-trans-retinal and glycerophosphoethanolamine analogues.
  • Conducted mechanistic studies involving hydrolysis by phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and acid cleavage.

Main Results:

  • Identified a previously unknown fluorescent bisretinoid: 1-octadecyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero A2PE (alkyl ether lysoA2PE).
  • Structural assignment confirmed by molecular weight (m/z 998), UV-visible absorbance (340, 440 nm), and retention time (73 min).
  • Detected alkyl ether lysoA2PE in human RPE but not neural retina, suggesting RPE-specific PLA2 activity.

Conclusions:

  • Alkyl ether lysoA2PE is a newly identified bisretinoid present in the human RPE.
  • Phospholipase A2 activity within the RPE is implicated in the generation of this novel bisretinoid.
  • This finding advances the understanding of lipofuscin composition and RPE pathophysiology in aging and disease.