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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
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Updated: Dec 30, 2025

Electrochemiluminescence Assays for Human Islet Autoantibodies
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Diabeto-theranostics.

Sanjay Kalra1, Yashdeep Gupta2

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, India.

JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
|January 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces "diabeto-theranostics," combining diagnostics and therapeutics for personalized diabetes care. It explores historical and novel approaches to tailor glucose-lowering treatments for individual patients.

Keywords:
Diabetes, LADA, MODY, person centered care, type 2 diabetes.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Diabetes management traditionally relies on generalized treatment protocols.
  • Personalized medicine approaches are increasingly recognized as crucial for optimizing patient outcomes.
  • Theranostics, the integration of therapeutic and diagnostic strategies, offers a promising framework for individualized care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and define the concept of "diabeto-theranostics" for diabetes care.
  • To explore historical and contemporary methods for personalizing diabetes treatment strategies.
  • To discuss novel theranostic concepts in the context of diabetes management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical diagnostic tests (e.g., chlorpropamide challenge test).
  • Discussion of modern diagnostic innovations, including genetic profiling.
  • Explanation of phenotypic rubrics (gluco-phenotype, endo-phenotype, metabolic phenotype) and biomarkers (glucagon:insulin ratio, adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase [AMPK] status).

Main Results:

  • The concept of diabeto-theranostics is proposed as a unified approach.
  • Various phenotypic and biomarker-based strategies are presented for guiding glucose-lowering therapy.
  • Novel theranostic applications, including psycho-theranostics and electro-theranostics, are introduced.

Conclusions:

  • Diabeto-theranostics offers a framework for developing individualized treatment plans in diabetes.
  • Integrating diverse diagnostic and therapeutic modalities can enhance personalized diabetes care.
  • Future research should explore the clinical utility of novel theranostic approaches in diabetes.