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This study introduces a reconfigurable metamaterial (MM) structure for 5th generation (5G) antennas operating at 28 GHz. The metamaterial beam steering technology achieves significant beam deflection and gain enhancement for improved wireless communication.

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5Gbeam deflectionmillimeter-wave (MMW)reconfigurable metamaterial

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Area of Science:

  • Electromagnetics
  • Materials Science
  • Antenna Engineering

Background:

  • Metamaterials (MMs) offer unique electromagnetic properties not found in natural materials.
  • Beam steering is crucial for 5G communication systems to direct signals efficiently.
  • Millimeter-wave (MMW) frequencies, like 28 GHz for 5G, present challenges in signal propagation and antenna design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and demonstrate a reconfigurable metamaterial structure for beam steering in 5G applications.
  • To achieve controllable deflection of an antenna's main radiation beam using metamaterial configurations.
  • To enhance antenna gain and validate the performance of the proposed metamaterial antenna.

Main Methods:

  • Designed a reconfigurable metamaterial (MM) structure using contiguous squares resonators (CSRs).
  • Employed three switches to alter the MM structure between two configurations with distinct refractive indices.
  • Integrated the MM unit cells with a 5G antenna operating at 28 GHz for simulation and experimental validation.

Main Results:

  • The metamaterial antenna achieved beam deflection angles of +30° and -27° in the E-plane.
  • Gain enhancements of 1.9 dB (26.7%) and 1.5 dB (22.4%) were observed for positive and negative deflections, respectively.
  • Reflection coefficients remained below -10 dB at 28 GHz, indicating good impedance matching.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed reconfigurable metamaterial structure effectively steers the antenna beam and enhances gain at 5G frequencies.
  • The CSR-based metamaterial design is suitable for MMW applications, offering a viable solution for 5G beamforming.
  • Experimental validation confirmed the simulated performance, demonstrating the practical applicability of the metamaterial antenna.