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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
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All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 29, 2025

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
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Observation of a Quantum Phase from Classical Rotation of a Single Spin.

A A Wood1, L C L Hollenberg1,2, R E Scholten1

  • 1School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.

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|February 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Researchers measured a quantum spin phase shift caused by physical rotation, not magnetic fields. This discovery links spin, rotation, and quantum phase, with applications in quantum sensing.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Quantum information science

Background:

  • Angular momentum theory unifies physical rotations and quantum spins.
  • Observing rotation's effect on quantum spin is experimentally challenging due to coherence fragility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure the direct effect of physical rotation on a single electron spin's phase.
  • To demonstrate the fundamental link between spin, rotation, and quantum phase.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized spin-echo interferometry on a single nitrogen-vacancy qubit in diamond.
  • Rotated the diamond sample at 200,000 rpm to induce physical rotation.

Main Results:

  • Successfully measured a single-electron-spin phase shift directly from physical rotation.
  • Observed a nonlinear accumulation of this quantum phase over time.
  • Phase shift was detected without magnetic field or ancillary spin transduction.

Conclusions:

  • The experiment confirms the direct influence of physical rotation on quantum spin phase.
  • Findings are applicable to quantum systems with rotational degrees of freedom, like rotation sensors and trapped nanoparticles.