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Cognitive processes underlying spoken word recognition during soft speech.

Kristi Hendrickson1, Jessica Spinelli2, Elizabeth Walker2

  • 1Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, University of Iowa, 250 Hawkins Drive, 52242 Iowa City, IA, United States of America; Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, 250 Hawkins Drive, 52242 Iowa City, IA, United States of America.

Cognition
|February 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Listeners recognize words differently in soft speech. Lower intensity speech delays word recognition, impacting how potential words are activated and considered.

Keywords:
Adverse listening conditionsLexical competitionSoft speechSpeech perceptionSpoken word recognition

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Area of Science:

  • Auditory Perception
  • Speech Processing
  • Psycholinguistics

Background:

  • Spoken word recognition models often assume optimal listening conditions.
  • Real-world listening environments frequently involve reduced speech intensity.
  • Understanding speech perception at lower sound levels is crucial for broader applicability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate spoken word recognition under varying low speech intensities.
  • To determine the impact of reduced speech intensity on lexical activation and processing.
  • To explore factors influencing word recognition in suboptimal acoustic environments.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Visual World Paradigm with eye-tracking in two experiments.
  • Participants (n=32) identified target words from a four-picture display (target, cohort, rhyme, unrelated).
  • Speech intensity levels varied (40, 50, 65 dBA) to simulate different listening conditions.

Main Results:

  • Slightly soft speech (50 dBA) increased cohort activation but delayed rhyme activation.
  • Very soft speech (40 dBA) delayed word activation, decreasing cohort and increasing rhyme activation.
  • Word recognition was influenced by word length and environmental factors.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced speech intensity significantly alters spoken word recognition dynamics.
  • Listeners adapt by delaying activation and relying on different lexical cues at lower intensities.
  • Findings inform theories of speech perception and models for individuals with hearing impairments.