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Related Concept Videos

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl...
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Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
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Linking RNA Processing and Function.

Run-Wen Yao1, Chu-Xiao Liu1, Ling-Ling Chen1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.

Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology
|February 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Unconventionally processed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play key roles in gene regulation. This review explores their processing, function, and directional movement mechanisms, exemplified by precursor ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) in the nucleolus.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Regulation
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • RNA processing is essential for eukaryotic mRNA maturation and function.
  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), >200 nucleotides, are involved in diverse gene regulatory roles.
  • While some lncRNAs resemble mRNAs in processing (capping, polyadenylation, splicing), others exhibit unconventional pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent advancements in understanding the processing and function of unconventionally processed lncRNAs.
  • To discuss mechanisms of directional RNA movement, using precursor ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) in the human nucleolus as a model.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent progress in lncRNA processing and function.
  • Analysis of unconventional lncRNA stabilization mechanisms (e.g., circularization, RNA-protein complexes).
  • Examination of directional RNA movement, exemplified by radial flux in the human nucleolus.

Main Results:

  • Identified diverse processing strategies for lncRNAs beyond canonical mRNA pathways.
  • Highlighted the functional significance of these unconventional processing events in gene regulation.
  • Provided insights into the mechanisms governing directional RNA transport within cellular compartments.

Conclusions:

  • Unconventional processing is a key feature of many lncRNAs, impacting their stability and function.
  • Understanding these pathways is crucial for a comprehensive view of gene regulation by noncoding RNAs.
  • The study of radial flux in the nucleolus offers a model for directional RNA movement applicable to other systems.