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This study reveals the first-order phase transition from superfluid to supersolid states in Bose-Einstein condensates by analyzing rotational properties and moment of inertia. These findings offer insights into quantum phase transitions and supersolid behavior.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Many-Body Physics
  • Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics

Background:

  • Supersolids exhibit unique quantum mechanical properties.
  • Rotational behavior is a key indicator of supersolid phases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the rotational properties of a harmonically trapped dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate.
  • To identify the transition from superfluid to supersolid phases and its characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Calculation of the moment of inertia as a function of scattering length.
  • Analysis of rotational properties in harmonically trapped dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates.

Main Results:

  • A first-order phase transition from superfluid to supersolid phases was observed, marked by a jump in moment of inertia.
  • The moment of inertia was found to determine the scissors mode frequency in elongated traps.
  • Quantized vortices in the supersolid phase exhibit deformed cores due to density peaks.

Conclusions:

  • The study confirms the first-order nature of the superfluid-supersolid transition.
  • Rotational properties provide crucial insights into the behavior of supersolids.
  • Dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates serve as a valuable platform for studying supersolidity.