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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Studying the Effects of Tumor-Secreted Paracrine Ligands on Macrophage Activation using Co-Culture with Permeable Membrane Supports
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IL-36 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment.

Manoj Chelvanambi1, Aliyah M Weinstein1, Walter J Storkus2,3

  • 1Departments of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|February 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The interleukin-36 (IL-36) cytokine family influences immune responses against tumors. Understanding IL-36 in the tumor microenvironment is key for developing new cancer therapies.

Keywords:
CancerCytokineDendritic cellsIL-1IL-36ImmunotherapyInflammationInterleukinT cellsTertiary lymphoid structuresTumorTumor microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Tumor growth control relies on immune cell activation and recruitment into the tumor microenvironment (TME).
  • Soluble cytokines orchestrate immune surveillance, mobilizing antitumor immune cells like B cells and T cells.
  • The interleukin-36 (IL-36) cytokine family has dual roles, implicated in autoimmune diseases and therapeutic antitumor immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the biological role of IL-36 family cytokines in cancer.
  • To evaluate the potential of IL-36 cytokines in designing novel cancer interventional therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on IL-36 cytokines and their function in the TME.
  • Analysis of the immunomodulatory properties of IL-36 family members in preclinical and clinical cancer research.

Main Results:

  • IL-36 cytokines are critical mediators of inflammation that can promote antitumor immune responses.
  • Dysregulation of IL-36 signaling may impact cancer progression and therapeutic outcomes.
  • The IL-36 pathway presents a potential target for cancer immunotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • IL-36 cytokines play a significant role in modulating the immune response within the tumor microenvironment.
  • Targeting the IL-36 pathway offers a promising strategy for enhancing cancer immunotherapy and treatment efficacy.