Nonclinical species sensitivity to convulsions: An IQ DruSafe consortium working group initiative

Clinical development of compounds that carry a convulsion liability is typically limited by safety margins based on the most sensitive nonclinical species. To better understand differences in sensitivity to drug-induced convulsion of commonly used nonclinical species, a survey was distributed amongst pharmaceutical companies through an IQ consortium (International Consortium for Innovation and Quality in Pharmaceutical Development) resulting in convulsion-related data on 80 unique compounds from 11 companies. The lowest free drug plasma concentration at which convulsions were observed and the no observed effect level for convulsions were compared between species to determine their relative sensitivity. Additionally, data were collected on other endpoints including use of electroencephalography, premonitory signs, convulsion type, the reason why development was stopped, and the highest development phase reached. The key outcomes were: (1) the dog was most often determined to be the most sensitive species by both non-exposure and exposure-based analyses, (2) there was not a clear sensitivity ranking of other species (NHP, rat and mouse), (3) CNS symptoms were frequently present at exposures that were not associated with convulsions, but no single reliable premonitory indicator of convulsion was identified, and (4) the lack of convulsions when compounds were tested in humans in this dataset may suggest that convulsion liability is well mitigated via current drug development strategies.