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Methods for Detection of Bioimpedance Variations in Resource Constrained Environments.

Eiko Priidel¹, Paul Annus¹, Andrei Krivošei¹

¹Thomas Johann Seebeck Department of Electronics, Tallinn University of Technology, 12616 Tallinn, Estonia.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|March 6, 2020

Summary

This study presents novel, simple, and robust methods for measuring small electrical bioimpedance variations. These techniques effectively separate signal changes from the static component, improving measurement accuracy and noise reduction.

Keywords:

bioimpedance cardiovascular system differentiation dynamic range lock-in detection non-invasive measurements synchronous measurement wearable devices

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Electrical Engineering
Signal Processing

Background:

Electrical bioimpedance (EBI) measurements often involve detecting parameter changes significantly smaller than the base value.
Acquiring these subtle variations demands high dynamic range and low noise in measurement systems.
Variations in EBI can be up to 1000 times smaller than the overall measured value, posing significant challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce novel and robust synchronous or lock-in measurement solutions for electrical bioimpedance.
To present methods that effectively separate small signal variations from the static component of the EBI signal.
To address the challenges of additive disturbing signals and wideband noise in EBI acquisition.

Main Methods:

The study discusses synchronous and lock-in measurement techniques for EBI.
Novel solutions are proposed, all featuring differentiation as a core principle.
Methods include calculating differences between synchronously acquired consecutive samples, lock-in integration, and analog differentiation.

Main Results:

The proposed differentiation-based methods inherently separate dynamic bioimpedance variations from the static signal component.
These techniques allow the variable component of bioimpedance to be acquired using the full dynamic range of the apparatus.
A method for reducing additive disturbing signals and wideband noise is also proposed.

Conclusions:

The presented synchronous and lock-in measurement methods offer simple and robust solutions for EBI.
These approaches enhance the detection of small bioimpedance changes by optimizing dynamic range utilization.
The methods provide effective strategies for noise reduction, improving the reliability of EBI measurements.