Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

826
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
826
Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

330
Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
330
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

659
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
659
Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

524
Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
524
Conduct Disorder01:28

Conduct Disorder

398
Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
398
Social Anxiety Disorder01:28

Social Anxiety Disorder

331
Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is characterized by an intense fear of social situations where one might face humiliation, rejection, embarrassment, or negative evaluation. This disorder leads individuals to avoid activities like casual conversations, public speaking, or seemingly simple tasks such as eating, signing documents, or swimming, in public settings. Its impact extends beyond discomfort, often significantly interfering with daily functioning and quality of life.
331

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Intolerance to uncertainty in autism].

Medicina·2020
Same author

[Unresolved issues in the DSM-5].

Revista de neurologia·2015
Same author

[Autism in the first year].

Revista de neurologia·2014
Same author

[Autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: convergences and divergences. Genetics].

Revista de neurologia·2013
Same author

[The genetic bases of neurodevelopmental disorders].

Revista de neurologia·2013
Same author

Borderline intellectual functioning: consensus and good practice guidelines.

Revista de psiquiatria y salud mental·2013

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 26, 2025

Conscious and Non-conscious Representations of Emotional Faces in Asperger's Syndrome
08:31

Conscious and Non-conscious Representations of Emotional Faces in Asperger's Syndrome

Published on: July 31, 2016

14.3K

[From autism spectrum to autism constellation].

Josep Artigas-Pallarès1, Isabel Paula1

  • 1Universitat de Barcelona, España.

Medicina
|March 10, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Decades of autism and mental disorder research, relying on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), have yielded poor results. A shift to dimensional approaches and big data research is needed for better understanding and treatment.

Keywords:
autismautism constellationautism spectrum disorderdomain research criteria

More Related Videos

Using the Visual World Paradigm to Study Sentence Comprehension in Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism
06:15

Using the Visual World Paradigm to Study Sentence Comprehension in Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism

Published on: October 3, 2018

8.0K
Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
09:13

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 22, 2015

16.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 26, 2025

Conscious and Non-conscious Representations of Emotional Faces in Asperger's Syndrome
08:31

Conscious and Non-conscious Representations of Emotional Faces in Asperger's Syndrome

Published on: July 31, 2016

14.3K
Using the Visual World Paradigm to Study Sentence Comprehension in Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism
06:15

Using the Visual World Paradigm to Study Sentence Comprehension in Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism

Published on: October 3, 2018

8.0K
Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
09:13

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 22, 2015

16.9K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Autism and mental disorder research has stagnated for decades, with limited progress compared to other diseases.
  • Over 50 years of research based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) has failed to identify biological markers for mental disorders.
  • The DSM model faces criticism for its categorical approach, high rates of false comorbidity, and polythetic diagnostic criteria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the limitations of the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) model in autism and mental disorder research.
  • To advocate for a paradigm shift in research designs and clinical practice for mental health.
  • To propose alternative frameworks for understanding and diagnosing mental health conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Critically analyzing the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) model and its impact on research.
  • Reviewing the history of mental disorder research and its outcomes.
  • Proposing new research designs, including Domain Research Criteria and multifactorial analysis with big data.
  • Suggesting a dimensional approach for clinical practice, focusing on individual endophenotypes.

Main Results:

  • The current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) model lacks validity, evidenced by the absence of biological markers.
  • The categorical nature, false comorbidity, and polythetic criteria of the DSM hinder scientific progress.
  • Existing research paradigms have become unproductive, necessitating a change in approach.

Conclusions:

  • A fundamental shift in research methodology is required, moving towards dimensional perspectives and large-scale data analysis (big data).
  • Clinical practice should adopt a dimensional approach, acknowledging individual heterogeneity and endophenotypes beyond DSM classifications.
  • Developing alternative interpretations for comorbidity and embracing person-specific treatment strategies are crucial for advancing mental health care.