New Classification Schemata of Hypersensitivity Adverse Effects After Hyaluronic Acid Injections: Pathophysiology,...

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Aesthetic Medicine
• Allergy and Immunology

Background:

• Hyaluronic acid (HA) injections are common cosmetic procedures.
• Reported side effects are typically mild and reversible.
• An increasing incidence of hypersensitivity reactions to HA fillers has been observed.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review literature on hypersensitivity reactions to HA fillers.
• To propose a novel classification system for these reactions based on timing and clinical presentation.
• To develop a treatment schema for managing hypersensitivity reactions.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and Embase databases.
• Analysis of 36 identified studies detailing hypersensitivity reactions to HA treatments.
• Integration of authors' clinical experience to refine classification and management strategies.

Main Results:

• Hypersensitivity reactions to HA fillers manifest at various times post-injection.
• A proposed classification categorizes reactions into early (≤1 week), intermediate (1 week–1 month), and late (>1 month).
• Data from 36 studies informed the timing and characteristics of these reactions.

Conclusions:

• The proposed classification system offers objective criteria for diagnosing and managing HA filler hypersensitivity.
• This system aids physicians in developing effective treatment protocols.
• Implementation can lead to improved clinical outcomes for patients experiencing adverse reactions.