Changes in the Retinal Microvasculature Measured Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography According to Age

In this cross-sectional study, we examined age-related changes in the retinal vessels of 100 healthy participants, aged from 5 to 80 years, and divided into four groups (G1, under 20 years of age; G2, from 20 to 39 years of age; G3, from 40 to 59 years of age; G4, age 60 years or older). All subjects underwent swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA). The vascular density (VD) of the superficial (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP), and choriocapillaris (CCP) were measured using OCTA. The vascular density of each capillary layer, foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thickness, retinal thickness (RT), and choroidal thickness (CT) were compared between age groups. Most OCT variables were correlated with OCTA variables. The FAZ area; VD of the SCP, DCP, and CCP; GC-IPL thickness; RT; and CT showed significant difference (p < 0.001) between G1 + G2 and G3 + G4, except for central GC-IPL thickness (p = 0.14) and central RT (p = 0.25). Density of the retinal capillary vasculature reduced and FAZ area increased after age 40, which represents the onset of middle age.