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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Adaptive Immunity and the Tumor Microenvironment.

Han1, Lotze2

  • 1HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA. jhan@hudsonalpha.org.

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|March 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The adaptive immune system, crucial for recognizing diverse molecules, faces challenges in complex tumor microenvironments. Understanding immune cell interactions is key to improving cancer immunotherapies.

Keywords:
AdaptomeButyrophilinsCD1 familyClass I MHCClass II MHCClonetypeComplement Determine Region 3 (CDR3)Immune repertoireNK cellsNKT cellsNext-Generation Sequencing (NGS)Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)Αβ T cellsγδT cells

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The adaptive immune response involves diverse receptors recognizing various molecular targets.
  • Tumor immunogenicity arises from innate immune cell recruitment and chronic inflammation.
  • The tumor microenvironment presents a complex barrier to effective immunotherapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the complexities of the tumor microenvironment.
  • To highlight the role of the adaptive immune system in cancer.
  • To discuss current limitations and future directions in cancer immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of adaptive immune receptor repertoires using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS).
  • Investigation of immune cell infiltration, egress, and organization within tumors.
  • Review of cytokine therapies and Immune Checkpoint Blockade (ICB) mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • The adaptive immune system's complexity, termed the 'adaptome', is now accessible via NGS.
  • Tumor microenvironment dynamics influence immune cell behavior and therapeutic outcomes.
  • Immune cell access, organization, and egress within tumors are critical areas of research.

Conclusions:

  • Effective cancer immunotherapies are hindered by the evolved tumor microenvironment.
  • Further research into immune cell dynamics within tumors is essential for therapeutic advancement.
  • Understanding the 'adaptome' is vital for developing next-generation cancer treatments.