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Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
737
Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

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Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
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Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

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Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
212
Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management01:22

Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) results in an inability to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. Effective nursing management is critical in improving patient outcomes and includes comprehensive patient assessment and targeted interventions.Comprehensive Patient AssessmentA detailed history collection is essential, focusing on any recent infections, nephrotoxic medication use, or chronic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes that may contribute to AKI. During the physical...
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Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care01:20

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...
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Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
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Nephrotoxin Microinjection in Zebrafish to Model Acute Kidney Injury
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Heparanase in Acute Kidney Injury.

Zaid Abassi1,2, M S Goligorsky3

  • 1Department of Physiology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-IIT, Haifa, Israel. abassi@tx.technion.ac.il.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|April 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Heparanase plays a key role in acute kidney injury (AKI) by degrading heparan sulfate. Inhibiting heparanase offers a potential therapeutic strategy for kidney diseases and preventing chronic kidney disease progression.

Keywords:
CoagulationInflammationKidney transplantationRenal diseaseRenal ischemia

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Pathology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Heparanase (HPSE) is an enzyme critical for heparan sulfate (HS) degradation.
  • HS is a key component of the extracellular matrix and glycocalyx, regulating growth factors and cytokines.
  • HPSE activity is implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including kidney diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of heparanase in acute kidney injury (AKI).
  • To explore therapeutic strategies targeting heparanase in kidney disease.
  • To assess the diagnostic value of heparanase activity products in AKI prognosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on heparanase and AKI.
  • Discussion of molecular mechanisms of heparanase in kidney injury.
  • Exploration of therapeutic and diagnostic approaches.

Main Results:

  • Heparanase is induced and activated in AKI irrespective of the cause (ischemic, nephrotoxic, septic, transplantation-related).
  • Heparanase activation contributes to AKI pathogenesis through immune responses, thrombosis, inflammation, and extracellular matrix remodeling.
  • These events can lead to fibrotic complications and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Conclusions:

  • Heparanase is a significant contributor to AKI pathogenesis and progression to CKD.
  • Inhibiting heparanase presents a promising therapeutic avenue for AKI.
  • Measuring heparanase activity may aid in prognostication and treatment guidance for kidney diseases.